• Home
  • Themes
    • History
    • Neo-colonialism
    • Conflicts
    • Economy
    • Jihadism
    • Media
    • Human Rights
    • Societies
    • Environment
    • Culture
    • International Relations
    • Politics
  • Countries
    • North Africa
    • Europe
    • United States
    • Asia
    • Afrique australe
    • Afrique de l’Ouest
    • Afrique de l’Est
    • Afrique centrale
  • Who are we?
  • Why this site?
  • The newsletter
  • Submit articles
  • Contact
  • Code of ethics
  • Legal information
  • Home
  • Themes
    • History
    • Neo-colonialism
    • Conflicts
    • Economy
    • Jihadism
    • Media
    • Human Rights
    • Societies
    • Environment
    • Culture
    • International Relations
    • Politics
  • Countries
    • North Africa
    • Europe
    • United States
    • Asia
    • Afrique australe
    • Afrique de l’Ouest
    • Afrique de l’Est
    • Afrique centrale
Afrique XXI Themes > Economy

Agriculture

  • The image features a smiling man wearing a dark hat and a sweater. He is standing in an outdoor setting, likely near agricultural land, with a backdrop of hills and a partly cloudy sky. The ground appears to be bare earth, suggesting possible farming activity nearby. His cheerful expression conveys a sense of warmth and friendliness. In Madagascar, “farmers have always seen the state as an oppressive system” Fanny Pigeaud · November 2024
  • Code of ethics
  • Contact
  • Legal information
  • Submit articles
  • The newsletter
  • Who are we?
  • Why this site?
© Association Afrique XXI, 2013-2025 – 7, rue des Carmes, Paris, France – ISSN 2270-0978