• Home
  • Themes
    • History
    • Neo-colonialism
    • Conflicts
    • Economy
    • Jihadism
    • Media
    • Human Rights
    • Societies
    • Environment
    • Culture
    • International Relations
    • Politics
  • Countries
    • North Africa
    • Europe
    • United States
    • Asia
    • Afrique australe
    • Afrique de l’Ouest
    • Afrique de l’Est
    • Afrique centrale
  • Who are we?
  • Why this site?
  • The newsletter
  • Submit articles
  • Contact
  • Code of ethics
  • Legal information
  • Home
  • Themes
    • History
    • Neo-colonialism
    • Conflicts
    • Economy
    • Jihadism
    • Media
    • Human Rights
    • Societies
    • Environment
    • Culture
    • International Relations
    • Politics
  • Countries
    • North Africa
    • Europe
    • United States
    • Asia
    • Afrique australe
    • Afrique de l’Ouest
    • Afrique de l’Est
    • Afrique centrale
Afrique XXI

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

  • Senegal’s Hidden Debt and the IMF’s Blind Spots Fanny Pigeaud · 27 March
  • The image shows two men, one wearing a suit with a tie, raising their hands together in a gesture of solidarity or celebration. They are smiling and appear to be in a public setting. In the background, there are several flags visible, suggesting an international context or event. The atmosphere seems positive and hopeful. How Ouattara patiently built his network in Paris Fanny Pigeaud · October 2025
  • Code of ethics
  • Contact
  • Legal information
  • Submit articles
  • The newsletter
  • Who are we?
  • Why this site?
© Association Afrique XXI, 2013-2026 – 10, rue des Prairies, 75020 Paris, France – ISSN 2270-0978